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听说，这些食品会让人上瘾？
Unitrans世联
文章转载自 21英语微商城 21世纪英文报
你爱吃零食吗？薯片、冰激凌、巧克力、香肠、泡面……光想着哈喇子都要流下来了？
不知道你有没有这种感觉，每次吃这些东西，就有一种“根本停不下来”的感觉，这是为啥呢？相关研究表明，超加工食品竟然让人上瘾！一起来了解一下吧！
Why are some foods so addictive?
为啥这些食品这么让人“上头”？
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Chips, cookies and ice cream ... These tasty foods, which are ultra-processed, may literally make you an “addict”, as revealed in a recent report in the British Medical Journal.
《英国医学杂志》最近的一份报告显示，薯片、曲奇和冰激凌……这些是不是你的最爱？但其实，这些经过超加工的美味食物可能会让你“上瘾”！
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Simply put, ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are the foods that you can’t re-create in your kitchen, according to the BBC. Produced in factories, they often have long lists of ingredients that you don’t recognize, such as additives (添加剂), and are ready to eat or simply need to be heated.
什么是“超加工食品”？据BBC报道称，简单来说，就是你自己没法在厨房里做的那些吃的。它们的食品成分表通常很长，还有一些根本看不懂的食品添加剂。它们通常吃起来很方便，直接吃或者简单加热就好。
The study’s researchers linked UPFs to addiction, which includes behaviors like strong cravings (渴望) and negative experiences when trying to stop consumption. They analyzed 281 studies from 36 different countries and regions. The findings showed that 14 percent of adults and 12 percent of children have ultra-processed food addiction.
研究人员将超加工食品与上瘾的感觉联系起来：这种上瘾表现在对这些食物的强烈渴望或不能购买时的消极情绪上。该研究报告称，对来自36个不同国家的281项研究的分析发现，“超加工食品上瘾”发生在14%的成年人和12%的儿童身上。
Usually, natural foods are either high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) or high in fat, but UPFs can be high in both, which contributes to their addictive potential. For example, as written in the report, 100 grams of salmon (三文鱼) has 0 kcal from carbohydrates and 73 kcal from fat, while the same amount of a chocolate bar contains 237 kcal from carbohydrates and 266 kcal from fat.
一般来说，普通食物要么是碳水化合物含量高，要么脂肪含量高，但超加工食品可能都占！这也是会让人们上瘾的因素之一。例如：100克三文鱼含有0千卡的碳水化合物和73千卡的脂肪，但100克巧克力含有237千卡的碳水化合物和266千卡的脂肪！
Such foods also deliver carbohydrates and fat to the gut faster. Although nuts are high in fat, the fat can’t be digested (消化) in the early stages. The fat in UPFs, however, is broken down before entering the duodenum (十二指肠), the first part of the small intestine (小肠), which signals the brain to produce more dopamine (多巴胺) – the “happy” chemical.
超加工食品能更快地将碳水化合物和脂肪输送到肠道。超加工食品中的脂肪在进入十二指肠之前就已经被分解。十二指肠会向大脑发出“快乐信号”，让大脑产生更多的多巴胺——所以我们会在吃零食的时候超级快乐。
By acknowledging that certain UPFs are “addictive”, similar to cigarettes (烟) or alcohol (酒), “we may be able to help improve global health,” one of the study’s authors, Ashley Gearhardt, said in a press release. They are also calling for more action to combat (抗击) such an addiction.
该研究的参与者提到：一些超加工食品确实会让人有“上瘾”的感觉，就像香烟或酒精带给我们的感觉一样。“知道这点也可以让我们更关注健康，少吃超加工食物” 。
