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世联翻译公司即使有生命危险也不想让女性堕胎?这就是“人道”的
发布时间:2018-04-25 09:48 点击:
美国嘛,咱都知道,特喜欢拿“人权”说事儿。
只是,在“人权”上自诩卫道士的美国,却有个连他们自己都苦恼不已的问题……
堕胎。
最近,美国的密西西比州签署了严格的反堕胎法案:禁止怀孕15周以上的女性堕胎。
爱荷华州更牛X。他们已经酝酿了更加严苛的禁止堕胎法律——只要你怀孕6周以上,甭管你想不想要孩子,一律不让堕胎。
还有蠢蠢欲动的俄亥俄州:无论什么形式的堕胎都不可以——哪怕会危机到孕妇的生命,那也得把孩子给生下来再说。
荒不荒谬?但人家已经有20个议员在这么提议了:
Mississippi’s governor just signed a law, more restrictive than in any state, banning abortions after 15 weeks.
Iowa’s state Senate is trying to go even further and stop abortions at around six weeks.
And 20 Ohio legislators have proposed outlawing all abortions, even if the woman’s life is in danger.
▲Abortion battles are heating up ahead of November midterms (via Washington Post)
……不知道是谁给他们的勇气,认为哪怕孕妇的生命都“in danger”了,也要先保小的。
事实上,“能不能堕胎”在美国是个长期撕扯的话题。
虽然有复杂的宗教因素(例如天主教主张把受孕之初的胎儿就看做是人,禁止剥夺胎儿的人权,包括生命),但关于“能不能堕胎”这事儿,美国民众自己也很精分。
堕胎?可胎儿也是小生命啊。
不堕胎?可这种计划外的生命,如果带来的只有恐慌、不安和焦虑,以及生活水平和健康状况的下降,那岂不是让更多的人受罪?
虽然颇有争议,但对于特别反堕胎的特朗普童鞋,以及他所在的共和党而言,自由的“堕胎权”是什么?
不存在的
In many state capitols, Republican lawmakers are backing unusually strict antiabortion laws. Many are emboldened by President Trump, who has been more supportive of their agenda than any president in decades
目前美国各州共和党都在极力推出更严厉的法案禁止堕胎。很多人认为这跟特朗普有直接的关系,特朗普是近几十年来最反对堕胎的总统。
“Trump has given hope to the pro-life movement,” said Ron Hood, a Republican state representative who introduced the total abortion ban in Ohio.
“特朗普给了 ‘pro-life(反堕胎)’运动希望,” 在俄亥俄州推出了全面禁止堕胎法案的共和党成员 Ron Hood 在接受采访时说。
▲Abortion battles are heating up ahead of November midterms (翻译via好奇心日报)
如果简单地按人群来划分,那么在美国,共和党(及其支持者)禁止堕胎,而民主党则倾向于把堕胎的权利交给孕妇。
毕竟,如果孕妇是意外怀孕的呢?如果她并没有做好身心准备去要抚养这个孩子呢?
40多年的争议
事实上,美国联邦法律是允许堕胎的——在一个化名为罗伊(Jane Roe)的女子做了许久的抗争之后。
▲Jane Roe
1969年,22岁的罗伊第三次怀孕了。
当时她没有工作,生活拮据,实在无力去抚养这将要出生的第三个生命。
可她所在的得克萨斯州法律禁止堕胎。没办法,年轻的罗伊只能把女儿生了下来。
(图via ABC)
但在这之后,罗伊就走上了反对禁止堕胎的漫漫长路。她向得克萨斯州提起诉讼,控告他们过于强调胎儿的生命权,在堕胎问题上管得太宽。
在经历了漫长的诉讼后,1973年,罗伊取得了胜利——联邦从法律层面将“堕胎权”确定了下来。
在“罗伊案”之前的美国,禁止堕胎到如何夸张的地步?
一张图感受一下——
(via Map of US abortion laws pre-1973.svg)
红色:无论如何,禁止堕胎
紫色:如果是被强奸,则可以堕胎
蓝色:如果威胁到孕妇的生命,则可以堕胎
绿色:如果是被强奸/乱伦/威胁孕妇生命/胎儿畸形,则可以堕胎
黄色:如果的确有需要,则可以堕胎
看着那一大片的红色区域,主页君瑟瑟发抖。
也就是说,在1973年“罗伊案”以前,这些州的女性哪怕是被强奸而怀孕,或者怀孕已威胁了她的健康甚至生命,都必须把孩子生下来。
不想生?打算隐瞒怀孕、偷偷自己流产?
那也不是不可以。只是,你得经历异于常人的痛苦与危险……
Why would a woman put a leech inside her body, in the most private of female places? Why would she put cayenne pepper there?
为什么女性会把水蛭放在自己体内,放在女性最私秘的身体部位?她为何会往那里放辣椒?
Why might a woman swallow lye? Gunpowder? Why would a woman hit herself about the abdomen with a meat pulverizer? A brickbat? Throw herself down the stairs?
为何女性会吞服碱液?火药?她为什么会用铁锤或砖块击打腹部?为何会让自己滚下楼梯?
Why would she syringe herself, internally, with turpentine? Gin? Drink laundry bluing?
为何她会向自己体内注射松节油或杜松子酒?或者喝上蓝剂?
Why might she probe herself with a piece of whalebone? A turkey feather? A knitting needle?
为何她可能会用鲸骨、火鸡羽毛或是毛衣针扎自己?
Why would she consume medicine made of pulverized Spanish fly? How about powdered ergot, a poisonous fungus? Or strychnine, a poison?
她为何会服用斑蝥粉制成的药物?或者有毒的麦角真菌?又或者是有毒的士的宁?
Why would she take a bath in scalding water? Or spend the night in the snow?
她又为何会用滚烫的水沐浴?或是在雪地里过夜?
Because she wanted to end a pregnancy. Historically, women have chosen all those methods to induce abortion.
因为她想终止妊娠。历史上,为了能引起流产,女性采用过所有这些方法。
Women’s historical willingness to endure horrible dangers, to submit to extreme and prolonged pain, to risk grave injury and death rather than remain pregnant, tells us something important aboutfemale desperation and determination, and the price women were — and still are — willing to pay to control their own bodies. What it tells us is that women will always find ways to end an unwanted pregnancy, no matter what the law says, no matter the risks to themselves.
历史上,女性宁愿面对可怕的危险、忍受极端、长期的痛苦,冒着自残,甚至是死亡的风险,也要终止怀孕。这让我们看到,女性为了成为自己身体的主人,会怎样地不顾一切、义无反顾、不惜代价。历史让我们知道,女性总是会寻找方法终止不想要的妊娠,不管法律怎么说,不管风险多么大。
▲Leeches, Lye and Spanish Fly (via New York Times)(翻译via纽约时报中文网)
诸多艰辛与不易,更能体现出“罗伊”抗争的意义。
只是……在“罗伊案”过去40多年后的现在,美国联邦政府都“允许”堕胎了,这些问题还存在吗?
答案是显而易见的。
看看罗伊当年所在的得州是怎么蹦跶的:
Texas legislators passed a contentious bill in 2013 banning abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
美国得克萨斯州立法机关2013年通过法案,禁止怀孕20周以上的女性接受堕胎手术。
The US Supreme Court legalised abortion nationwide in 1973, but about a dozen states have enacted laws in recent years limiting access to the procedure. Some of that state legislation is tied up in court battles.
美国最高法院于1973年批准全国堕胎合法化,但包括得州在内的十几个州近年纷纷通过地方立法来把合法堕胎限制在一定周数以下。部分地方立法目前正受到诉讼挑战。
In addition to banning abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy, the bill will require all abortion procedures to be performed at a surgical centre. Only six abortion clinics in Texas can be classified as surgical centres, and all are in major metropolitan areas, according to the Texas Tribune.
得州的这部法案除了禁止怀孕20周以上堕胎,还要求全州的堕胎手术都只能在“手术中心”进行,而据当地媒体报道,整个得州只有六家位于大城市的诊所符合“手术中心”资格。
▲Texas senate passes 20-week abortion ban bill (via BBC)(翻译via BBC中文网)
于是,话题又回到了这篇文章的开头:密西西比州禁止怀孕15周以上的孕妇堕胎,爱荷华州更是打算6周后就不让女性流产。
既看似没有违反联邦法律,又达成了各自摧毁“堕胎权”的目的。真是妙啊。
至于超过这个期限还堕胎的女性,会有什么下场?
“用衣架自行堕胎未遂,面临谋杀指控入狱” 了解一下……
Anna Yocca was 24-weeks pregnant when police say she filled a bathtub with water, untwisted the wire of a coat hanger and plunged it into her womb in an attempt at “self abortion.” → 怀孕24周,将衣架插入子宫,企图自行流产
When she saw blood in the water, Yocca panicked. Afraid for her safety, she called her boyfriend and he took her to the hospital. Later she was transferred to a larger facility in Nashville, Tenn., where she delivered a 1.5-pound baby boy. → 晕倒后送医,却将孩子生出了
The infant faces a life attached to an oxygen tank, the Murfreesboro Post reported, because of the early birth and damage to his lungs, eyes and heart caused by the coat hanger. His mother is facing an indictment for first-degree attempted murder.→ 婴儿眼/肺/心脏受到严重伤害
Yocca, 31, was arrested last week, three months after her alleged abortion attempt, the Associated Press reported. She is being held on a $200,000 bond; jail officials told the AP they don’t know whether she has a lawyer. → 被捕,面临谋杀指控
▲Tenn. woman charged with attempted murder for failed coat hanger abortion (via Washington Post)
▲Anna Yocca
关于“堕胎”,这始终是个有争议的话题。
胎儿算不算独立的“人”的个体?胎儿是否可以同等享受人权?当胎儿和孕妇的权利有冲突时如何取舍?如果保障了胎儿的权利,是否即是忽视了女性自主生育的权利?亦或是说……当宗教与法律相交织时,女性的“自主生育权”也只是相对的概念?
一个未出世的孩子的权利,是否可以凌驾于母亲的权利之上?
也罢……美国人自己都争论不休的事儿,咱们也就是看个热闹。
孰是孰非,真不是一句话能说得清的。
▲反对堕胎的人举牌:“孩子是上帝的礼物。” 支持堕胎的人举牌:“我的身体我做主。”
你怎么看待美国“禁止堕胎”“限制堕胎”的法律?赞成还是反对?欢迎留言分享你的观点!