文章转载自 环球时报英文版

别再害怕被人唤作“自恋狂”，因为适度自恋，确实好处多多。

英国贝尔法斯特女王大学的研究者最新发表的研究成果表明，具有自恋特质的人，更有可能内心强大，更能承受压力，也不易罹患抑郁。

图 via VCG

据这项研究的主要作者，贝尔法斯特女王大学心理学助理教授科斯塔斯·帕帕乔吉欧（Kostas Papageorgiou）介绍，自恋具有两种表现形式：浮夸和脆弱。

"Narcissism is part of the 'Dark Tetrad' of personality that also includes Machiavellianism, Psychopathy and Sadism. There are two main dimensions to narcissism - grandiose and vulnerable," said study researcher Kostas Papageorgiou.

研究者科斯塔斯·帕帕乔吉欧说道，“自恋是人格特征‘黑暗四人格’的一部分，其他还包括马基雅维利主义（追求权术）、精神变态和虐待狂。自恋主要有两种表现形式——浮夸型自恋和脆弱型自恋。”

"Vulnerable narcissists are likely to be more defensive and view the behaviour of others as hostile whereas grandiose narcissists usually have an over inflated sense of importance and a preoccupation with status and power."

“脆弱型自恋者更倾向于自我防卫，认为别人的行为充满敌意，而浮夸型自恋者通常过分夸大自己的重要性，并专注于地位和权力。”

▲Be proud of yourself: Narcissistic people less likely to deal with depression (via The Economic Times)

而研究者发现，自恋的益处主要是具有浮夸型自恋特质的研究对象表现出来的。

People with "grandiose" narcissism -- defined in the dictionary as "pompous superiority or pretentiousness" may achieve mental toughness, a form of resilience that could be protective, said lead author Kostas Papageorgiou, an assistant professor of psychology at Queen's University in Belfast.

研究报告的主要作者、贝尔法斯特女王大学的心理学助理教授科斯塔斯·帕帕乔吉欧说，“浮夸型”自恋在字典里的定义是“浮夸的优越感或自命不凡”，具有这种自恋的人可能具有心理韧性，这种弹性可以发挥保护（人们）的作用。

They gain this mental toughness by overcoming the challenges they face as they attempt to "gain access to the resources that they think they deserve," he said.

当他们试图“获得他们认为自己应得的资源”时，通过克服他们所面临的挑战，获得了这种精神上的坚韧，他说道。

"Our work suggests that, at least some aspects of narcissism, may help individuals to show resilience against certain types of psychopathology, namely, symptoms of depression and perceived stress," Papageorgiou said.

“我们的研究表明，至少自恋的某些方面，可以帮助人们对某些类型的精神病理，即抑郁症状和感知到的压力，表现出弹性，”帕帕乔吉欧说道。

▲Narcissists may be protected against depression and stress, says study. But at what cost? (via CNN)

It also found that people who score high on grandiose narcissism have lower levels of perceived stress and are therefore less likely to view their life as stressful.

研究还发现，浮夸自恋程度高的人感受到的压力较小，因此不太可能认为自己的生活有压力。

▲Be proud of yourself: Narcissistic people less likely to deal with depression (via The Economic Times)

图 via VCG

这项研究包括了三项独立的研究，每项研究都调查了超过700名成年人。而我们每个人都或多或少有些自恋，不过，专家指出，当自恋达到一定程度，成为自恋型人格障碍时，就会有不少消极的影响。

True narcissistic personality disorder, or NPD, affects about 1% of the population. It's a mental condition characterized by an insatiable hunger to be the center of attention.

真正的自恋型人格障碍影响着1%的人群。这是一种精神疾病，其特征是永不满足地渴望成为关注的焦点。

Diagnosed narcissists often feel entitled, expect to be recognized as superior even if they're not, need constant, excessive admiration, and have an inflated sense of self importance. They can also become stressed or depressed if they are not treated in the manner they believe they deserve.

被诊断为自恋型人格障碍的人通常会觉得自己有权利，即使他们不是，也希望被认为是优越的，需要持续的、过度的赞美，并有一种膨胀的自我重要性。如果他们没有得到他们认为应得的对待，他们也会变得紧张或沮丧。

Narcissists exaggerate their own achievements and talents and can become impatient or angry and lash out at others due to difficulty controlling their emotions and behavior.

自恋者夸大自己的成就和才能，由于难以控制自己的情绪和行为，他们会变得不耐烦或愤怒，并对他人横加指责。

A key element of narcissism, say experts, is a lack of empathy -- an inability or unwillingness to recognize the needs and feelings of others.

专家说，自恋的一个关键因素是缺乏同理心，即不能或不愿意承认他人的需求和感受。

▲Narcissists may be protected against depression and stress, says study. But at what cost? (via CNN)

图 via VCG

此外，还有研究表明，如今的年轻一代比过去的年轻人更自恋。

Studies seem to show narcissism is on the rise in younger people. A 2008 study found college students in 2006 were 30% more narcissistic than those in 1982.

研究似乎表明，自恋在年轻人中呈上升趋势。2008年的一项研究发现，2006年的大学生比1982年的大学生自恋程度高30%。

Millennials themselves agree they are more narcissistic than previous generations, according to research. They see the behavior as a sign of "individualism," a trait they highly value.

研究显示，千禧一代自己也认为他们比前几代人更自恋。他们认为这是“个人主义”的标志，是他们高度重视的一种品质。

▲Narcissists may be protected against depression and stress, says study. But at what cost? (via CNN)

 

你是个自恋的人吗？

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