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文言文翻译复习方法 指导(3)(7)

时间:2012-07-04 15:04来源:trans.org.cn 作者:世博翻译公司 点击:
仅供本人学习之用,严禁传播或者进行商业应用,否则后果自负,请尊重知识,尊重劳动。 查看完整全套资料请点:http://blog.sina.com.cn/jingyuankaoyanren 2(世博
仅供本人学习之用,严禁传播或者进行商业应用,否则后果自负,请尊重知识,尊重劳动。 查看完整全套资料请点:http://blog.sina.com.cn/jingyuankaoyanren 2(世博北京翻译公司)/表示特点的分词: 它也可以表示比较长久或永久性的特点。这时它的形容词特点胜过它的动词特点: Germs are living creatures (=not inanimate things, creatures that can live). She is a charming lady (attractive lady, lady who charms others) The working classes are usually poor. There were many flying fish. We watched the moving pictures (=motion pictures) Used cars (=old cars,cars which have been used) are cheaper than new ones/ Stolen love (=Secret love, love which is stolen), though dangerous, tastes exceptionally sweet. This printed matter may be sent by mail. 3/和用作形容词的动名词的差别: 用在名词前的现在分词和用在名词前起形容词作用的动名词是有区别的,从意思上、重音上及是否加连字号,都有 区别。下面各对句子中,第一句中带-ing 词尾的动词为分词,第二句中带-ing 词尾的动词为动名词: Boiling water(=Water that is boiling) can produce enormous power. Water begins to boil at the boiling-point(=point at which liquid boils;而不是 point which boils). He is a walking dictionary (=dictionary that canwalk, learned man). He came with a walking-stick (=stick for walking;非 stick that os walking) How clever that dancing bear (=bear that is dancing) is! He is a dancing-master (=master who teaches dancing). Someone said many years ago that China was a sleeping lion (=lion that was sleeping). He is in the sleeping-car (=car for sleeping,而不是 car that is sleeping). Running water is cleaner than stagnant water. It is a running-track for sportsmen. 4/用作名词的情况 和形容词一样,某些分词在加 the 时(后面不跟名词) ,可以代表一类人或一种抽象东西: Which are more numerous, the dead or the living (=the living people) Something must be done immediately with the wounded and the dying. What should we do with the oppressed, the defeated the insulted and the injured? Can we say anything about the unseen (=the thing unseen) and the unknown (=the thing unknown)? 放在名词后的分词 放在名词后的分词多数是分词短语,它可以变成一个定语从句(尽管定语从句不一定都能变成分词短语) : 1/表示一时动作的分词短语: The danger threatening the world (=which is threatening the area ) is too many people with too little food. They looked on at the city being attacked by the enemy (=which was being attacked by the enemy). The man being followed by guards (=who are being followed by guards) is a party leader. 2(世博北京翻译公司)/表示长久特点的分词短语: A man respecting others (=who respects others ) will be respected. Can you teach a boy refusing to be taught (=who refuses to be taught)? It is difficult to save a man enchanted by the beauty of a woman. Books called the comics (=that are called the comics ) are sometimes harmful to children. Any books well read (=that are well read ) are good books and any men well treated are good men. 2(世博北京翻译公司))名词前作定语的分词 下载部分免费资料 请点击:http://www.vdisk.cn/jingyuankaoyan,或 百度搜索 “北大经院考研人 文库” 。 购买全套完整资料,请点击:http://jykyr.taobao.com,联系电话:13811118367(除 1:00p.m—2(世博北京翻译公司):00p.m 外) 。 32(世博北京翻译公司) / 40  
仅供本人学习之用,严禁传播或者进行商业应用,否则后果自负,请尊重知识,尊重劳动。 查看完整全套资料请点:http://blog.sina.com.cn/jingyuankaoyanren a)用在名词前的不及物现在分词 名词前的现在分词多数为不及物动词: The trembling criminal hung his head. Do you see the floating bridge there? She is a doting mother. The existing situation will last some years. In the field are nodding trees, murmuring rivulets, smiling flowers, singing birds, swimming ducks and playing children. He is an uncompromising diplomat. It proves futile in spite of all untiring efforts. This upright man always takes an unswerving course. It is an unavailing plot. There is an undying friendship between them. b)用在名词前的及物现在分词 1/意义上的宾语为‘人’的情况: 及物动词的分词也可用在名词前面,但它们大多表示情绪。它们的意义上的宾语指一般人或某些人,是不说出的。 It is a charming story=It is a story that charms us (me,you or anyone). We have an encouraging prospect. =We have a prospect that encourages us. This exciting experience made him sleepless. =This experience, which excited him, made him sleepless. It is an interesting (or surprising, amazing, moving, entertaining, affecting ) story. He has a puzzling problem to solve. In the forest there happened a shocking (or frightening ) case of murder. Her fascinating eyes and her tempting mouth put you in a reverie. It is a misleading statement, a deceiving promise. An unconvincing rumor spread over the city. 2(世博北京翻译公司)/意义上的宾语为‘物’的情况: 有少数及物动词的分词,它们的意义上的宾语也不说出, 却是指‘物’的,这时要经过琢磨才知道宾语是什么: It is an arresting sight (=a sight that arrests somebody's attention), an imploring look (=a look that implores somebody's help), a revealing story (= a story that reveals things hidden or kept secret), a deserving cause (=a cause that deserves sympathy or help). He is a grasping attorney (an attorney who are eager to grasp money). A knowing man (=a man who knows all the secret), an understanding man (a man who understands others' feelings), a forbidding headmaster (=a headmaster who forbids others to approach or to like him), a loving father (=a father who loves children or others), a promising youth (a youth who promises to suceed), a designing businessman (=a bisinessman who designs some intrigues), an unfeeling judge (=judge who feels no sympathy), an unforgiving father (=a father who does not forgive any fault), an unthinking playboy(=a playboy who does not think of the consequences) an unsparing housewife (=housewilfe who does not spare money), an unassuming scholar (=a scholar who does not assume importance), an unpretending manager (=a manager who does not pretend importance). 下载部分免费资料 请点击:http://www.vdisk.cn/jingyuankaoyan,或 百度搜索 “北大经院考研人 文库” 。 购买全套完整资料,请点击:http://jykyr.taobao.com,联系电话:13811118367(除 1:00p.m—2(世博北京翻译公司):00p.m 外) 。 33 / 40   翻译公司 (责任编辑:世博翻译公司)
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