4、状语从句的常见译法：a 词类转义法；b 顺译法；c 增词法 、状语从句的常见译法： 词类转义法； 顺译法； 词类考点……分词的译法 分词的译法 词类考点 1998 年 Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait. 73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 1、划动词，定主谓，明确各分句。动词 are ，report 2(世博北京翻译公司)、缕关系，定词义，按意群翻译。 3、按逻辑调整语序（意群内部的语序） ，写中文表达。 Astrophysicists 天体物理学家 working 引导部分相当于定语从句 ground-based detectors：陆基探测器 air－based missile：天基导弹 sea－based missile 海基导弹 balloon-borne instruments 球载探测器 air-borne troop：空降部队 borne：bear 的过去分词，忍受，承受，承担，运载 air－borne radar：机载雷达 bear bore borne work with：和……一起工作 closing in 包围 closing in means to surround gradually and from all sides in threatening way closing in on 合力观察 4、重组合，删多余，核对和检查。 翻译：一群天体物理学家们使用在南极附近的陆基探测器及球载探测器正在合力观察这些结构，不久 就会报告他们的发现。 总结： 总结： 分词的第一个译法：分词译成句子的一个成分，即主谓结构， 一种比较好的方式， 分词的第一个译法：分词译成句子的一个成分，即主谓结构，是一种比较好的方式，翻译时不宜单独 成句。 成句。 2(世博北京翻译公司)000 年 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements－themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. Additional social stresses 新的社会压力，此处不可译为“额外的” problems arising from mass migration movements 分词结构，做定语 19  

mass migration movements 大规模的人口流动。 migration 迁徙、迁移、流动、移动 the movement from one place to another of a large group of people mass destruction weapon 大规模武器 因为人口爆炸以及由大规模人口流动所带来的问题 themselves 指代 movements，是句内指代。 译文：新的社会压力很可能是由于人口爆炸和大规模人口流动所产生的，今天现代化的交通方式使的 这种人口流动相对更加容易。 分词的第二个译法： 分词的第二个译法：分词在考研英语中通常做状语和定语，翻译时根据其信息负载量的大小来确定它 第二个译法 的方式和位置，如果信息负载量比较小，可以做前置定语，负载量比较大，可以单独成句。此方法还适用 于过去分词的翻译。 被动语态 一、被动语态第一种译法：将其译为被字结构或者相近似的结构 被动语态第一种译法： 2(世博北京翻译公司)002(世博北京翻译公司) 年 The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available formulate formula 用公式表达、明确地表达、做简洁陈述、阐释清楚、规划或构想 pl. formulas / formulae 公式、方程式、[医]配方、处方。 role 作用，角色 play a role in something 在这个事件中起重大作用 shape 塑造 I was caught in the rain. 我叫雨淋了。 叫 译文：在进化中自然选择的作用在一百多年前才得以阐释清楚，环境在塑造和维持个人行为的方面的 选择性作用才刚刚开始被认识和研究。 二、被动语态第二种译法：把被动语态直接译为主动语态 被动语态第二种译法： 2(世博北京翻译公司)000 年 2(世博北京翻译公司)0  

At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization－with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed－was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 动词：was，may undergo early 早期的， 最早的 the process of industrialization 工业化进程 over nearly a century 一百年左右 pattern 模范，式样，模式，样品，格调，图案 social pattern 社会结构 = social structure decade 十年 score 二十 如果句中只有一个破折号，那么直接把破折号翻译出来就可以了；如果句子中有两个破折号（ 如果句中只有一个破折号，那么直接把破折号翻译出来就可以了；如果句子中有两个破折号（中间是 插入语） 插入语）时，要灵活处理插入语成分。关键是要分析一下插入语起一个什么样的语法功能。 要灵活处理插入语成分。关键是要分析一下插入语起一个什么样的语法功能。 译文：在欧洲早期的工业化国家，工业化进程以及随之而来对社会结构造成的深远影响都持续了一 个世纪左右。然而，今天一个发展中国家可能经历同样的过程只需要 10 年左右的时间。 三、被动语态的第三个译法，把主语变宾语 被动语态的第三个译法， 1999 年 While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Transfer 相等于 change 或者 reform to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.分词作定语修饰 methodologies traditional historical methods 传统的研究历史的方法(此处需增词点明是研究历史) augment 扩大，扩充 = enlarge 扩大 enlarge your vocabulary methodology 方法论 additional 本义是：另外的，额外的。文中意思：新的 additional methodologies 新的方法论 翻译方法：把主语变宾语； 翻译方法：把主语变宾语；把宾语变主语 该句主干：新的方法体系扩充了传统的历史研究方法。 designed to do ＝in order to do 指在干什么 new forms of evidence 新形式的史料 2(世博北京翻译公司)1   翻译公司 (责任编辑：世博翻译公司)