翻译:在这场变革中,指在解释历史研究中新的史料形式的新的方法扩充了传统的历史研究方法。 四、补充两种被动语态的译法: 补充两种被动语态的译法: 被动语态的译法 1、保留主语变被动为主动: 、保留主语变被动为主动: 例句 Mr. Michael was given a prize。麦克先生获奖了。 2(世博北京翻译公司)、译为无主句 、 例句:some pictures were hung on the wall。墙上挂着一些画 Much was left to be design 还有很大的提高空间。 还有很大的提高空间。 (该句可以用在很多场合:评价某人的成果,夸奖别 人时,用得最多的场合是吃饭时。 ) 总结: 总结: 1、在科技文体中,被动语态使用较频繁,通常表达一种客观冷静的态度,翻译时要做必要的体现。 2(世博北京翻译公司)、注意不要使用被字结构过于频繁,适当选择同义词组进行替换,以便于语气更加顺畅 3、常用技巧:a 倒置法 b 增词法 c 词类转译法 、常用技巧: 词类转译法 词汇考点: 词汇考点:as 引导的结构 as 1、比较结构:as much as ,as many as ,as more as 2(世博北京翻译公司)、同位语结构 3、定语从句 1999 年 71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. 动词:are,are,conforms 不同历史学家对历史有不同的定义。 conforms to 与什么相符合,相一致 one 引导的定语从句 判断 “that” 引导的从句是定语从句还是同位语从句?如果 “that” 后面是个 引导的定语从句:判断 引导的从句是定语从句还是同位语从句? 完整的句子,则该从句是同位语从句;反之,则为定语从句。 完整的句子,则该从句是同位语从句;反之,则为定语从句。 recreate 重新制造,引申为再现。 整句翻译:当今的历史史学研究实践,最倾向于这个定义,即:把历史看作是对过去重大事件的一种 解释和再现(的一种尝试) 。 2(世博北京翻译公司)2(世博北京翻译公司)
as 引导的比较结构 引导的比较结构 1994 年 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 72(世博北京翻译公司)) "In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." insights of great men of genius:伟大的天才人物洞察力 improved techniques and tools 改进的技术和工具 not so much…as… 与其说…还不如说… (与句子的顺序是一致的,但 rather than 要颠倒) He lay rather than sat in his armchair 他与其说是坐着,不如说是躺着 rather than 更好的译法: 而不是…他是躺着,而不是坐着。 The captive troops would rather die than surrender。这只被捉住的部队宁愿死,也不愿投降。 would rather …than… 宁愿干什么,也不愿干什么。 宁愿干什么,也不愿干什么。 翻译:他们说,科学的进步,与其说是由于天才人物的远见卓识,还不如说是诸如改进了的技术和工 具的更为普通的事情。 as 作为同位语结构、状语结构 作为同位语结构、 1994 年 72(世博北京翻译公司)) "In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." 73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 此句为单句 Over the years,多年以来 fundamental 重要的 innovation 革新 ignore 忽视=over look = neglect, philosophers of science 科学哲学家 忽视= largely:很大程度上=how well :很大程度上= 翻译:多年以来,工具技术就其自身作为根本性变革一个来源,这一点很大程度被科学家和历史学家 2(世博北京翻译公司)3
忽视了。 (注意:本句忽视的是句子的同位语,并没有忽视工具和技术。 ) 1997 年 On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72(世博北京翻译公司))Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. Argue 是第一个动词,that 引导宾语从句 Argue 在很多情况下不表示争论,就表示说。类似有 think、hold、believe、convince…… 有些哲学家说权利仅仅存在于一种社会契约范围内…… entitlements.权力,但是和前面的 right 不同。right 天生就有的,天赋的 Human Right 人权 entitlements.是别人赋予你的,或在某种场合和地位下赋予你的 be entitled to do sth duties and entitlements 权力和责任 exchange 交换,这里不是交换,而是交替 第一种翻译: 有些哲学家说权利仅仅存在于一种社会契约范围内, 是作为权责交替的一部分而存在的。 第二种翻译:有些哲学家说权力是作为权责交替的一部分而存在于一种社会契约范围内 第二种翻译更好。 as 引导的定语从句 引导的定语从句 1998 年 72(世博北京翻译公司))The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 192(世博北京翻译公司)0s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans. Big Bang 大爆炸理论。Bang 是英文中的象声词。后作动词用。如:bang the door 意为砸门 在第一段的最后一句话: that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy.) cosmos 等于 universe 两个难点: 、 两个难点: 1、required for 被动的翻译 2(世博北京翻译公司)、as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 、 giant clouds 星云,巨大的云团或云带 2(世博北京翻译公司)4
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