2.省略表示地点的前置词
Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。
In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.冬天,北方的天气比南方冷得多。
He stood by the desk.他站在桌旁。
I stayed in my brother’s house.我住在弟弟家里。
(四)省略动词
When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.气压低,沸点就低。
Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.必须在购货单规定的时间交货。
二、从修辞角度看
(一)英语句子中有些短语重复出现,或者具有相同意义的词重复出现,英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。
University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.双方均不得无故解除合同。
(二)根据汉语习惯,译文中可以省略一些可有可无的词。
There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.
没有下雪,但叶落草枯。
第七讲 翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)技巧:句法翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)法 名词性从句
一、主语从句
(一)以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句,在翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)。
What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都应该做好。
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都没有关系。
When we can begin the expedition is still a question.我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。How he is going to do it is a mystery.他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。
(二)用it作形式主语的主语从句,可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)。为了强调起见,it一般可以译出来;如果不需要强调,it也可以不译出来。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。(It没有翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司))
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后,竟然还能活着,这看来是不可想象的。(It翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)为“这”)
有时候,如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)的话,it一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始,一般可以用“...的是,...”这样的结构来翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)。
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。(It不用翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司),还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司))
二、宾语从句
(一)用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句,翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)成汉语的时候,一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.
我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝。
Can you hear what I say?你听得到我所讲的吗?
I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游过了那条河。
I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。有时可加“说”字,再接下去翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)译英语原文宾语从句的内容。
Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答说,他感到遗憾。
He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.
他再三提醒大家说,决定这件事的不只是他一个人,还有其他许多人。
(二)用it 作形式宾语的句子,在翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司);it有时候可以不用翻译(翻译公司首选北京世博翻译公司)。
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