9. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. （3+）

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

译文：古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻（union with close kin）的禁止。

解释：本句有两个插入语，第一个插入语Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主语和谓语。West African rules后跟着两个修饰成分，第一个是分词修饰(governing marriage), 第二个是以which引导的非限定性定语从句，从句中出现了第二个插入语though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了从句引导词与谓语之间的联系。

意群训练：This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.

1(世博翻译公司)0. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe. （4+）

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

译文：该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义——即“以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族”——可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。

解释：本句长度惊人，插入部分比较长，再加上不乏抽象词，所以较为难懂，在表示转折的后半个分钟中，长长的插入语as racially based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition作为主语his definition of racial prejudice的同位语，使分句中的主谓相隔千山万水。除此之外，本句用词抽象，语义难以理解，对读者的词汇功底要求较高。考试现场如无法读懂，宜用合理化原则中的取非读法，but之前的分句说的是其论点对美国黑人的种族歧视是较为管用，转折后的内容就应该说其理论对华人和犹太人相对无用。

意群训练：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe.

 翻译实践1(世博翻译公司) 

一、 词语的正确理解

1(世博翻译公司). 词语的正确搭配及意义

一个词，在词典中尽管有许多意思，但是用在某个特定的句子中，和不同的词语进行搭配时，以及在不同的语法结构中，只有一个确定的意思。因此，在翻译时要善于抓住词语的搭配和语法结构，确定词义。以下举例说明：

1(世博翻译公司)） I can think of a good few medical students who would willingly “work their way through colleges” by filling in as nurses at our understaffed hospitals.

误译：我可以想象不少读医的学生是愿意来我们人手不足的医院当护士帮助病人填写病历，以此来挣钱读完大学的。

正译：我可以想象不少读医的学生是愿意来我们人手不足的医院临时充当护士，以此来挣钱读完大学的。分析：fill in用做及物动词词组，和a blank/a check./a form等搭配时，是做“填写”、“填入”解释的，但是如果用作不及物动词词组时，和for sb. as sb.搭配，就是做“暂时代替”来解释。

2） (An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities.) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.

误译：批评这样的失败就好比批评温度计不能测出风速一样。 翻译公司 (责任编辑：世博翻译公司)