(一)化静为动
化静为动是指把原文的静态句式转换为动态句式,强化原文的动态色彩,使译文符合汉语的行文习惯,明白流畅。英语中的静态表述方式有无动词句,例如:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) Now for the discussion. 现在进行讨论
(2) This way, please!请走这边!
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) So far so good. 到目前为止进展不错。
"be+动词的同源名词"句式:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) She is a good teacher.她教书教得好。
(2) He is a lover of pop music.他喜欢流行音乐。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) He is the murderer of his boss.他谋杀了老板。
(4) He has been the ruler of the region for as long as twenty years.
他统治那个地区长达20年之久。
(5) Mary is a good learner .玛莉善于学习。
(6) He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.
他能倾听别人的意见, 因此他们喜欢同他谈心。
(7) Peter is a bad sailor. 彼得晕船。
(8) Cardiovascular disease is American number one killer.
在美国, 死于心血管疾病的人高居榜首。
(9) I used to be a bit of a fancier myself. 过去我也常常有点胡思乱想。
"be+非动词同源名词"句式:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) My party was a quite affair.我的欢送会开得很平静。
(2) There was no loud sound. Nothing asserted its size in a brutal tumult of wind and thunder. 四周听不见什么闹声。没有任何东西以风啸雷鸣般的喧嚣显示其威力。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) Excessive headline phrase condemnation is, of course, a possibility.当然,指责过分使用标题式短语是可能的。
(4) It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.要不是我能干重活,早就给辞退了。
(5) They were all eyes as the presents were opened.礼品打开时,他们全神贯注地看着。
"be+动词的同源形容词"句式:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) This program was not popular with all of the troops.
并不是所有军队的人都喜欢这个计划。
(2) He is content with such kind of life.他满足于这样的生活。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) John is quite familiar with the machine.约翰十分熟悉这台机器的性能。
(4) An acquaintance with the modern Chinese history is helpful to the study of Chinese revolution. 了解一下中国近代史,对研究中国革命是有帮助的。
"be+非动词同源形容词"句式:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) He was an able and a successful one.他为人能干, 事业成功。
(2) His ill health has been a very anxious business.他身体不好令人十分担忧。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) I am quite ignorant of what they intend to do.我的确不知道他们打算干什么。
(4) You shouldn't be sensitive about one's clothing.你不要太注重衣着了。
"be+副词"句式:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) We must be off now. 我们得走了。
(2) The performance is on. 演出已经开始了。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) Their experiment has been over. 他们的实验已经结束了。
(4) I saw you out with a boy yesterday.昨天我看见你和一个男孩上街了。
"be+介词短语"句式:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) Because of bad government, the company was in the red.
由于管理不善, 公司出现亏损。
(2) The factory is under construction.
工厂正在建造中。
(二)化动为静
化动为静就是把原文中的动态句式转换为静态句式。英语虽然喜欢选用静态句式,但选用动态句式来叙述静态的意义也是常有的事。这些动态句式极富修辞效果,常见于景物描写。英语有些动态句式译成静态句式往往比译成动态句式要好。例如:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) To the south of the city lies a river. 城南有一条河。
(2) In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer's trade-a desk, two telephones, one scrambled for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front. 眼前是干情报官这一行的基本用具──张写字台, 两部电话, 一部装有外线保密器, 一侧立着一个大型的绿色金属保险柜, 柜正面装有特大号的号码锁。
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