由此看来,许多英语句子的翻译只有完全摆脱英语原文形合结构的束缚,采用汉语意合法来组词成句、组句成篇,才能使译文流转自如,简明通顺。而要做到这一点,译者必须先将原文的思想内容融会于心,然后根据汉语的语言特点,略去语意上显得多余、表达上感觉繁琐或可有可无的词或词组,用规范和地道的汉语译出原文。以下是采用意合法翻译的各种类型的句子:
A. 简单句
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) I was too tired to talk with you. 我很累,不能同你说话。
(2) We never meet without a parting. 有聚就有散。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) He lived neither for fame nor for personal gains. 他活着不为名不为利。
B. 并列句
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) We have studied English for a year and we can act English. 我们学了一年英文, 已经能够演英文剧了。
(2) The door was opened, and the audience came crowding in. 门开了,观众一拥而入。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) And with this, and a proud bow to his patrons, the Manager retires, and the curtain rises.领班的说到这里,向观众深深的鞠了一躬,退到后台,幕起。
C. 复合句
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) When I was reading a book, she came in. 我正在看书,她进来了。
(2) I'll let you know as soon as it is arranged. 一安排好就通知你。
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) It has been a long time since I saw you. 好久不见了。
(4) As she talked on she got more and more excited. 她越讲越兴奋。
(5) I knew nothing about it until he told me. 他告诉我了我才知道。
(6) Come when you are free. 有空就来。
(7) If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了, 春天还会远吗?
(8) He was a free-will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge.他是个自有主意的人,干活就要认真干好, 没干好, 他就承担责任, 决不借故推委。
(9) There was something remarkable in his manner of doing so, though I could not have said for my life what.他这一举一动我总觉得有点奇特,奇特在哪里我又说不上。
(1(世博英文翻译公司)0) Whatever you like to eat, just tell me.想吃什么, 只管告诉我。
(1(世博英文翻译公司)1(世博英文翻译公司)) A wind blows so bitterly that the orphanage boys reach the door with fingers stiff in an agony of numbness. 在呼啸的寒风中, 孤儿院的男孩将一份份牛奶端到育婴房去, 一天得跑两趟呢。 他们走到门口时, 手指冻得僵硬, 一点儿都不听使唤。
(1(世博英文翻译公司)2)) At daylight I was half wakened by the sound of chopping. Again it was so even in texture that I went back to sleep. 第2天黎明时分, 一阵劈柴声搅得我似醒非醒。 那拍子依然不紧不慢, 又把我带回梦乡。
(1(世博英文翻译公司)3(世博北京翻译公司)) The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.厨子的脸发起白来, 要使唤丫头把门关上, 丫头叫布利特尔去,布利特尔叫补锅匠去,补锅匠却装着没听见。
汉语句子特点是“以意统形”,因而汉语的句法特征是意合,强调逻辑逻辑关联与意义关联而不在意词语之间和句际之间的形式衔接。请看下例:
我常见许多青年的朋友,聪明用功,成绩优异,而语文程度不足以达意,甚至写一封信亦难得通顺,问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。
倘若完全按照原文的句法特征将其译成英文,可能是:
①I have come across a great many young friends, ②bright and diligent, ③do exceedingly well in studies, ④but they are rather weak in Chinese, ⑤even can’t write a smooth Chinese letter. ⑥When asked why, they’ll say they are not interested in Chinese.
这样的译文是英语病句。请看张培基先生的译文:
I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they wre not interested in Chinese language.
将②这一形容词来修饰young friends, 将③与④结合起来做定于从句后置,仍然修饰young friends,行文就通顺了,原意的表达也清楚了。将⑤单独成句以强调这些成绩优异的青年的缺点,正是作者的本意。添加who等下划线的词非常必要,能使译文形合意顺,符合英语表达习惯。
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