2 起大风了。
It’s blowing hard. (汉语中表自然现象的句子多为无主句,汉译英时,姚依照英语的习惯,增添it 做主语。)
3(世博北京翻译公司) 用劳动实现自己的梦想,用理想指导自己的劳动。
You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals.
另外,汉语的动词往往没有宾语,隐含的宾语需要读者自己通过推理得出。而当这样的汉语动词要翻译为英语中的动词,尤其是及物动词时,就必须补上隐含的宾语。
他(孙悟空)就弄个神通,把毫毛拔下几根,*丢入口中嚼啐,*喷将出去,念声咒语,叫声“变!”即变做几个瞌睡虫,奔在众人脸上。
Plucking a few hairs, he threw them into his month and chewed them to pieces before spitting them out. He recited a spell and cried “Change!” They change into many sleeping inducing insects, shich landed on the people’s faces. (以上汉语标*两处都省去了宾语——毫毛,英语译文中则要补出。)
多一点困难怕什么。封锁*吧,封锁*十年八年,中国的一切问题都解决了。
What matters if we have to face some difficulties? Let them blockade us! Let them blockade us for eight or ten years! By that time all of China’s problems will have been solved.(原文中标*的地方都省去了宾语“我们”,同样在译文中须加上。)
汉语行文是一句一句下去的,这同它缺少形态变化和足够的关系词,只能依靠时间顺序和逻辑关系组句有关。但英语句子结构的本质是叠床架屋性的。如按汉语的结构译,译出来的英语就会成为一个一个简单的独立句,相互之间没有联系。这不符合英语的句子结构。因此汉译英时要把逻辑上有关系的几个句子合起来。
西部地域辽阔,交通不发达,首先要进行基础设施的建设。
Since the western region covers a vast area with poor tansport facilities, we should first of all conduct infrastructure construction.
2. 为了意义上的需要
英译汉有时有必要增加合适的动词、形容词或副词,使译文意思明确,例如:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned.
当我清醒过来时,发觉自己在水里,虽然浸得半死,却本能地浮着。(增补动词)(原文虽然没有"发觉",但译者根据上下文增补了它,使译文意思更加明确、表达通顺。)
(2) He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
毫无疑问,他以为会有热烈的拥抱,满桌的食物,激动的泪水,欢乐的笑声,一段接一段的谈话,一次又一次的拥抱,没完没了。(译文中增加了三个相应的形容词,形象地描绘出他想象中的欢乐场景,使意思更加明确,表达更加生动。)
(3(世博北京翻译公司)) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。
(4) These soon told her,… how easy it was and how little it interfered with life's affairs to go and see one's grave.
这些人不久便告诉她…去看自己亲人的坟墓是多么容易,几乎一点儿也不妨碍日常生活。
(5) The sky is clear blue now the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and wood.
此时已是万里蓝天,太阳把颗颗光彩夺目的钻石洒向草原,洒向河岸,洒向树林。
有时为了意思明确还必须增加合适的名词或是重复同一名词,例如:
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.
这些早期的汽车速度缓慢,行动笨拙,效率不高。(译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词,既使译文意思明确,又使它形成四字词组,匀称整齐。)
英语中有一些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词,翻译时也可根据上下文在其后增加适当的名词,使译文意思明确、符合汉语的表达习惯。例如:
darkness 漆黑一团
madness 疯狂行为
complacency 自满情绪
backwardness 落后状态
(1(世博英文翻译公司)) After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.
翻译公司 (责任编辑:世博翻译公司) |