原文中，受事“生日”在前，施事“自己”和行为“听……说的”在后。译文根据英语表达习惯做了调整。

转换(2)

五、 正面表达与反面表达转换

由于思维方式的不同，英语中有些从正面表达的东西在汉语中习惯从反面来表达；而有些从反面来表达的东西在汉语中则习惯从正面来表达。因此，英译汉时常常有必要进行转换。这就是通常所说的"正说反译、反说正译"法。英语正面表达这里指的是不带否定词no, not , never否定前缀non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-和否定后缀-less等的句子，汉语正面表达则是指不带"不"、"没"、"非"、"未"、 "否"、 "无"、 "莫"、"勿"、"别"等否定词语的句子；反之则是反面表达。

（一）英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达

frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱

Freeze! 别动！

Wet paint! 油漆未干！

mortally ill 不治之症

(1(世博英文翻译公司)) The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. 这项建议差点通不过。

(2)We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。

(3(世博北京翻译公司)) He went to an outdoor phone booth and dialed Chicago, then New York, then San Francisco. Silence. Silence. Silence. 他到一个户外公用电话亭，先给芝加哥、又给纽约、旧金山打了电话。 

没有回音。没有回音。没有回音。

(4) As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity. 作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处，但作为改革性的新飞机秘密训练基地，却是非常理想的。因为它地处边陲，人们不易发觉其中的活动。

(5) The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensations as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature. 然而，萦绕心头的画面，那些一经嗅到玫瑰花香或新鲜干草的气息便会倏地闯入记忆的情景，其实并不复杂。

(6) As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper; and began reading. 他一面喝咖啡，一面翻开油墨未干的晨报，看了起来。

(7) Father's attitude toward anybody who wasn't his kind used to puzzle me. 以前我总不懂父亲为什么对那些脾气跟他不一样的人采取那么个态度。

(8) Sadly, Edward died before he could see the new church, but his beautiful tomb is still there, with the tombs of the Kings and Queens of England who came after him. 遗憾的是，爱德华未能看见新教堂就去世了，但是他那幽雅的坟墓和嗣后的英国国王和王后的坟墓还都留在那里。

（二）英语反面表达转换为汉语正面表达

(1(世博英文翻译公司)) You can't be too careful. 你要特别小心。

(2) The significance of these incidents wasn't lost on us. 这些事件引起了我们的重视。

(3(世博北京翻译公司)) Such flights couldn't long escape notice. 这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。

(4) The human system can hold out for a while against the gas from a leaking, damped-down coal stove, but soon often unconsciousness comes death. 煤气若是从封上火的煤炉漏出，人体可以忍受一些时候，但人昏迷之后，不用很久就会死亡。

(5) But there is another story, a family saga, that may turn out to be important to unlocking the mystery of what actually happened between Lewinsky and the President. 但是，莱温斯基和总统之间究竟发生了什么事，另外一个故事，即家史，最终对解开这个谜十分重要。

(6) Maintaining credibility requires confronting potential adversaries with the objective, unambiguous facts of our counter-balancing military capabilities, our political strengths and economic advantages, and our clear resolution to use these for our defense if necessary. 保持这种可靠性需要以下客观的、明确的事实来对付潜在的对手：我们达到平衡的军事能力、我们的政治实力和经济优势以及我们必要时使用这些手段进行自卫的毫不含糊的决心。

汉语中的否定概念，有时也可译为英语中的肯定句式。而与此有关的英语肯定句有两种：一种是意义和形式都肯定；而另一类，则是意义否定、形式上肯定的。

1(世博英文翻译公司) 那位老人能在大风大浪中不停地游泳达三小时以上。 翻译公司 (责任编辑：世博翻译公司)