减词

减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。

减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进行减省。

1(世博英文翻译公司).从语法角度进行减省

英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大，例如：英语有冠词，而汉语却没有；英语重形合、连接词较多，汉语重意合、连接词较少；英语中介词丰富，多达280多个，汉语中介词则较少，只有3(世博北京翻译公司)0来个；英语中经常使用代词，尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等，而汉语中代词则用得较少；因此，英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去，使译文练达晓畅。例如：

(1(世博英文翻译公司)) I know my friends from the feel of their faces.

我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。

(2) Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.

冰是固体，如果加热，就融化成水。

(3(世博北京翻译公司)) John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.

约翰早晨起床很早，他穿上夹克，就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。

(4) But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow.

但此时整条路看起来都挺美，金灿灿的太阳刚落下山，橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。

(5) He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor's thimble.

他放在那儿有一个架子，摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶，还有大剪刀、针、线，以及裁缝用的顶针。

(6) Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…

史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物，大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。

(7) The city has a dense manufacturing population.

这个城市有稠密的工业人口。

(8)The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.

产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。

(9) The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others…A younger son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donkey's creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near his mother, plucking weeds slowly and offering them to his mother as gifts.

母亲和大女儿在除垄上的草，把旁人甩在后面……二儿子十二岁，从老远的地头把海滩上的沙子装进鱼篮，赶着毛驴驮了回来。他们把黑土掺上了沙子。老四还是个小不点儿，在母亲身边遥遥晃晃转悠着，慢吞吞地拔起杂草，当礼物送给母亲。

(1(世博英文翻译公司)0) Come if you like.   高兴来就来。

(1(世博英文翻译公司)1(世博英文翻译公司)) As it is late, let us go to bed.   不早啦，睡吧！

(1(世博英文翻译公司)2) I framed the words in my mind: "Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?"

我心里在嘀咕："对不起，我有什么举止行为冒犯你了吗？"

(1(世博英文翻译公司)3(世博北京翻译公司)). You hear it from the trackers, a more breathless chant, as they pull desperately against the current, half a dozen of them perhaps if they are, taking up a wupan, a couple of hundred if they are hauling a splendid junk, its square sail set, over a rapid.

纤夫拼命拉纤逆流而上时，你就会听见他们唱着较急促的号子。拉五板木船时，或许五六人就行，但当拉着鼓着横帆的大船过急滩时，那就得要二三百人。

(1(世博英文翻译公司)4). If you are a twinkler, you have the ability to walk into a room and bring the sunshine with you, making everyone else want to bask in it.

满怀喜悦的人能把阳光带进他所走进的房间，使别人愿意沐浴在这阳光中.

汉语中倾向于加范畴词，还有一些较抽象的词，有时本身没有实质的意义，翻译时一般可以省去不译。 

1(世博英文翻译公司) 必须清除行政管理中的官僚现象。  翻译公司 (责任编辑：世博翻译公司)