例：During this transfer， traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

　　在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

七、英译汉中的变化

　　一个是结构上的变化，另一个是英语词上的变化

　　(1)结构上的变化

　　例：This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

　　给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。

　　(2)用词上的变化

　　例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

　　人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

　　例：The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.

　　行为科学之所以发展一直缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

八、英译汉中的省略关系

　　(1)动词的省略

　　例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

　　这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

　　(2)名词的省略

　　例：But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

 

 

但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

　　(3)修饰语的省略

　　例：But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

　　但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

　　(4)从句引导词的省略

　　(5)相同结构的省略

　　例：Actually， it isn''t,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.

　　事实上这种提问并不能把问题讲清楚，因为它是以人们对人权的共同认识为假设的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

　九、英译汉中的倒装

　　(1)在疑问句倒装

　　(2)在感叹句倒装

　　(3)在否定词之后倒装

　　(4)在only的复词短语，或复词从句放在句首加强语气

　　(5)so或so+形容词或者复词放在句首加强语气

　　(6)if从句省略if的时候

　　(7)表示地点的句词，短语放在句首的时候

　　(8)表语放在句首加强语气

　　(9)复词或者介词短语放在句首加强语气

　　例：For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

　　例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。

　　例：Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

　　宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。 翻译公司 (责任编辑：世博翻译公司)