英译汉的意合趋势—处理长句来顺应汉语 叙事、描写的行文习惯  

（一）将从句、-ing、-ed分词短语译为小句。 1. He had to win his way into the heart of a laughing girl who had no serious thought of loving any man—least of all, Bod Crane. 他必须竭尽全力去博得一个愉快的姑娘的欢心，而 这个姑娘却从来没有认真考虑过要爱任何男人，尤 其是去爱波德?克莱恩。 2. British playwright Alan Bennett, who enjoyed a peaceful childhood—the only stress came when his father was learning the double bass—spent some time studying the life and works of Kenneth Grahame before adapting The Wind in the Willows for the stage. 英国剧作家艾伦?贝内特将《杨柳风》改编为舞台剧之 前，曾花了一些时间研究肯尼恩?格雷厄姆的生平及 其作品。艾伦的童年生活非常宁静，家中出现过的 唯一一次危机是由于其父亲学习演奏低音提琴而引 起的。  

（二）将某些名词结构译成小句。 1. He was pale, and there were dark signs of sleeplessness beneath his eyes. 他脸色煞白，眼圈黑黑的，看得出他一夜没睡好。 2. The walk up Fifth Avenue through the slush of the sidewalks and the darkness of the air had tired him. 纽约第五大街人行道上污雪成浆，空气阴冷潮湿， 走这一段路他觉得真累。 3. The pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress, the foolish good-temper of her sister, the silly chat and scandal of the elder girls, and the frigid correctness of the governess equally annoyed her. 女校长最爱空架子和虚面子；她妹妹脾气很好，但让人觉得 很蠢；年纪大的女生喜欢说些无聊的闲话，讲讲人家的隐 私；女教师们又全是一丝不苟的老古板。这一切都让她很 气恼。  

（三）将介词短语译为小句。 1. …away she skimmed, over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda and into the porch. 她一蹦一跳地跑开了。越过草坪，走过小径，登上台阶，穿 过游廊，然后进了门。 2. Up in his room he sat for a few minutes at the window looking down into the familiar street below. 他上楼进屋，在窗前坐了几分钟，眺望着窗下那熟悉的风景。 3. …he pulled his ankles away, but the dog humped forward in patient pursuit. 他把脚挣开，可那条狗不厌其烦，弓着身子又凑了上来。  

4. Punctually at five minutes to five, Lampe, his servant, woke Professor Kant and by five, in his slippers, dressing-gown and night-cap, over which he wore his three-cornered hat, he seated himself in his study ready for breakfast. 早晨五点差五分，仆人兰普会准时叫醒康德教授；五点，教 授趿着拖鞋，披着晨衣，戴着睡帽，睡帽上罩顶三角帽， 坐在书房准备用餐。 5. On the wings of hope, of love, of joy, Miss Meadows sped back to the music hall, up the aisle, up the steps, over to the piano. 美多斯小姐仿佛插上了希望的翅膀，爱情的翅膀，欢乐的翅 膀，一路飞奔到音乐厅，她穿过通道，跑上台阶，快步走 到钢琴前。  

英译汉的意合趋势—时间序列问题 汉语形式结构较弱，所以汉语动词、小句的 排列就特别依赖于意义、逻辑上的连贯。 而在叙述动作、事件时，汉语一般是按自 然时间顺序将小句排列成句的。英译汉时， 若能顺应这一规律，则非常有利于汉语语 句的组织、建构，使译文层次清晰，叙述 流畅。  

She found herself minus the leg one week after consulting a doctor about a persistent swelling that she attributed to hard work and play in New York City—it was an inoperable bone tumor. While it saved her life, an ensuing year of chemotherapy reduced the once stunning model to a bald shadow of her former self. ? 在询问医生为什么持续肿胀一个星期之后，她失去了一条 腿。她曾认为是由于工作劳累和在纽约市游玩造成的。这 是一个不宜手术的骨瘤。虽然手术挽救了她的生命，但接 踵而来的长达一年的化疗使这位一度艳丽销魂的时装模特 儿秀发脱落、枯瘦如柴，失尽昔日风采。 ? Please improve the underlined sentences.  

1. Eisenhower’s purpose now was to split Germany in two by joining up with the Russians on the Elbe between Magdeburg and Dresden. 2. Upon my entrance, Usher rose from a sofa on which he had been lying at full length, and greeted me with a vivacious warmth. 3. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959. 4. One of the gunman’s first victims was an elderly man who was struck by the truck and shot in the head as he attempted to get up.  

5. I always had an idea that you were at least seven feet high, and was quite astonished at your return from India to find you no taller than myself. 6. Last year France’s attention was riveted on the plight of 48 families who camped out for five months on the Place de la Reunion after being evicted from apartments, many of which had no running water. 7. In the first months of school, Levine got 53 emails from her daughter Erin, who drops her a few chatty lines whenever she is near a terminal. 8. James Brindley of Staffordshire started his selfmade career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of 17, having been born poor in a village.   翻译公司 (责任编辑：世博翻译公司)