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文言文翻译复习方法 指导(5)(13)

时间:2012-07-04 15:06来源:trans.org.cn 作者:世博翻译公司 点击:
TRANSLATION LEARNING 第六章:词汇翻译的技巧( 第六章:词汇翻译的技巧(下) 一、 教学内容: 词汇翻译的转类法;反译法;分译法;释义法。 二、教学要
TRANSLATION LEARNING 第六章:词汇翻译的技巧( 第六章:词汇翻译的技巧(下) 一、 教学内容: 词汇翻译的转类法;反译法;分译法;释义法。 二、教学要求: 掌握词义的选择、引申和褒贬;词类转译法;正反、反正表达法; 分译法; 释义法。 三、教具准备: 多媒体课件 四、教学过程: 6.1 词汇转类法: 翻译时在保持原文内容不变的前提下,改变原文中某些词的此类,以求译文通顺 自然,合乎译入语的表达习惯。例如: 1 ) For 2(世博北京翻译公司)0 years they were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured of good. 原译: 在 2(世博北京翻译公司)0 年中,他们是原材料价格下跌、工业品价格暴涨的消极目击者。 一、英语的名词、形容词转换为汉语的动词、副词 英语中具有动作意义或动词转化来的名词,在翻译时往往转换为动词,而修饰该名词的形容词便可 相应地转换为副词。例如: 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy. 3 ) There is bit increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 具有动作意义或有动词转化过来的名词,如果后面跟着起引导作用短语,前后两个名词往往是属于 动宾关系,可译成汉语的动宾短语。例如: 4 ) His real mission in life was to contribute, in one way or another, to the overthrow of ruthless dictators. 这种句型有时也可以译成主谓(宾)结构。例如: 5 ) This pessimistic forecast speaks of the destruction of the balance of nature --pollution, waste and hunger. 6 ) The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil, our victory of 2(世博北京翻译公司)5 October will represent one of the glorious pages of our history, and we shall be able to leave it to our heirs. 二、英语的动词、副词转换为汉语的名词、形容词, 如英语动词转换成汉语名词,修饰英语动词的 副词随之转换成汉语的形容词。 例如: 7 ) Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 8 ) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 三、英语的形容词转换为汉语的动词:可转换为汉语动词的英语形容词以现在分词和过去分词或动 词同根者居多,也有其他可以延伸为动词的形容词。 例如: 9 ) We seek a deep-rooted understanding through the multiplication of our economic, cultural, scientific, technical and human ties. 10 ) In China's approach to relations with other countries, we find a welcome emphasis on the principles of the equality of states and respect for the rights and views of small and middle powers. 四、英语的名词(形容词加后缀构成)转换成汉语的形容词。 例如: 11 ) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 12(世博北京翻译公司) ) His words and deeds testify to his honesty. 11  
TRANSLATION LEARNING 五、英语的形容词转换成汉语的名词:英语名词加后缀构成的形容词,与名词同根或可转换成名词 的形容词一般译成名词 。例如: 13 ) They expect us in the Community to work out policies of aid and trade which will show a sympathetic understanding of their own problems. 14 ) A week after his prelude to the President's visit, China was in 六、英语作表语的副词可转换成汉语动词。 例如: 15 ) The workers are out. 16 ) She'd be down in a little while. 七、英语的介词与介词词组可转成汉语的动词:英语介词可带宾语,有些有动词转化而来,具有动 词属性和意义。 例如: 17 ) The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 18 ) The European Community is the best instrument for this purpose. 19 ) In view of human history this could be a slight enough hope. 6.2(世博北京翻译公司) 反译法: 正话反说与反话正说 一、英汉语言表达否定的差异。 (一)汉语表达否定意义的词语中含有明显的否定标志词: 不、无、非、莫、勿、未、否、别、没 有等。 (二)英语的否定标志:否定词缀: dis- 、 il- 、 in- 、 non- 、 un- 、 less 和表形式肯定、意 义否定的各类词: fail, deny, miss, lack, ignore, but, except, beyond 和短语: instead of, in place of 以 及结构形式: more…than, other than…,rather than… 等。 (三) 思维方式的差异。例如: 1 ) I used to be amused by an aunt who never drove anywhere without a box of Graham crackers. 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) 油漆未干 3 ) 我们讨论中国文化问题,不要忘记这些基本观点。 4 ) No one get out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. 二、正话反说:英汉语言中的肯定形式在汉英语言中译成否定形式。 例如: 5 ) True, reading is far from the only source of knowledge. 6 ) (It's overtime. Sudden death, pal.) You want me, but I want you even more. 7 ) Americans are far more race-conscious than class-conscious. 8 ) Indeed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. 9 ) 我说道, “爸爸,你走吧。 ”他往车外看了看,说: “我买几个橘子去。你就在此地,不要走动。 ” 三、反话正说:英汉两种语言中表示否定的形式在汉英语言中译成肯定形式,反之亦然。 例如: 10 ) The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation. 11 ) A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it is good, it can not last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early. 12(世博北京翻译公司)) 但花下也缺不了成群结队的 “ 清国留学生 ” 的速成班。 13) 他承认有不少国家和公众对中国的了解还不够。 12(世博北京翻译公司)   翻译公司 (责任编辑:世博翻译公司)
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