TRANSLATION LEARNING 话人的感情、态度、情绪、意念等。 (一) 讲话者的情感参与 ( 1 )请求 :Would you mind lending me 10 yuan? ( 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) 许诺 :I shall return the book tomorrow. ( 3 )警告 :Say that again and I'll part with you once and for all. ( 4 )褒贬: You are stubborn. He is pig-headed. I am strong-willed. (二)准确表达说话人的意图 1,确认 but, even, and, before 等词的语用意义。例如: Harry is a professor, but can't spell. Even Max fell into love with her. And you talked to him this way after all he'd done for you. It will be a couple of years before we meet again. 2(世博北京翻译公司), 确认潜台词。例如: “A down-to-earth man would have succeeded.” father scolded me. 3.2(世博北京翻译公司) 将原文转换成译入语 如何忠实地表达原文的意思,按照英国翻译理论家纽马克( Newmark)的观点,在表达的过程中, 译者必须在四个层次上对原文和译文负责,即:文本层次( textual level ) ;所指层次(referential level ) ;粘着层次( cohesive level )和自然层次( level of naturalness ) 一、文本层次( textual level ) 文本层次指原文的字面意义。译者对原文负责,就是对原文的字面意义负责。例如: 1 ) You flatter me. 原译: 你拍我马屁。改译:你过奖了。 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) He is lying on his back. 3) 在斯坦福大学的迎新晚会上,玛丽问他 “ 你是个中国留学生吗? ” 译文: In the evening party to welcome new arrivals in Stanford University, Mary asked him, “…” 4) 画上是几个中国美女。 原译: There are some Chinese beautiful girls on the picture. 改译: There are some beautiful Chinese girls in the picture 二、所指层次 指译者对原文所指意义的把握。原文中晦涩、隐含的弦外之音,需要译者透过文字的迷雾看清楚真 实的内涵。例如: 1 ) A: You alone here? B: I'm saving myself for you. 原译: A: 你一个人?B: 我在为你救我自己。 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) The old man stood from the chair. 3) [唐长安城] 划分为 108 坊和东市、西市两个商业区。 原译: It was divided into one hundred and eight workshops and two commercial districts —the East City and the West City. 4) 1911 年,在一个小县城里边,我生在一个小地主家里。 原译 : In the year of 1911, I was born in the home of a petty landlord in a small country town. 5) 泱泱神州,巍巍泰山,悠悠五千年的历史文化,中华民族精神的摇篮。多少帝王来此封禅朝拜, 多少文人在泰山留下了美妙的诗篇。 ----2(世博北京翻译公司)005 年 10 月 30 泰山文化国际大会开幕词 译文: Our magnificent China has brought up splendid culture in its five thousand years; our towering Mount Tai has been a birthplace of Chinese national spirit. The emperors of the past dynasties had come 3
TRANSLATION LEARNING here to hold sacrificial rites for the god of Mount Tai, the scholars of the past days had written literary works about Mount Tai. 三、粘着层次 粘着层次指语篇中句子的衔接。语言的衔接方式反映了本族语说者的独特的思维方式。例如: 1 ) The English arrived in North America with hopes of duplicating the exploits of the Spanish in South America, where explores had discovered immense fortunes in gold and silver. Although Spain and English shared a pronounced lust for wealth, differences between the two cultures were profound. 原译: 英国人抱着和西班牙人开拓南美洲一样的动机来到北美洲,西班牙的探险者在南美洲发现了大批金 银财宝。虽然西班牙和英国都同样明显地贪图财富,但是两国的文化却存在着很大的差异。 2(世博北京翻译公司))碧霞是位美丽、善良、又有些顽皮的少女,是玉皇大帝和王母娘娘的女儿。在与哥哥碧涛争当泰 山主神的较量中,屡屡化险为夷,为民造福,充分展示了她聪明才智和百折不挠,甘愿流血的牺牲 精神,从而登上了泰山主神的宝座,被玉皇大帝封为《碧霞元君》 。 --2(世博北京翻译公司)005 年 10 月 30 泰山文化国际大会开幕词 译文: Azure Cloud, a daughter of the Jade Emperor and the Lady Queen Mother, was lovely, virtuous and somewhat impish. Vying with Azure Wave, her brother, for the chief God of Mount Tai, she headed off the dangers, benefited the civilian, at last ascended the throne of Mount Tai by force of her ability, wisdom and courage. She was honored “Goddess of Azure Cloud” by Jade Emperor. 四、自然层次 自然层次是对译文行文的基本标准。 即自然流畅, 符合译入语的习惯。 过度拘泥于原文, 不敢越 “ 雷 池 ” 半步,译文就会不自然,不流畅。 ( 1 ) 选词用字照抄字典,忽视上下文。例如: 1 ) Babies were satisfactorily born. 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) Sorry, I can't help you. 3 ) She was dancing gracefully in the room. 4 ) 我们姐弟和几个小丫头听了都很喜欢。 原译: My sister, brother, I and the maidservants all very much when we heard it. ( 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) 过度拘泥于原文的结构。例如: 1. It takes ten minutes to get there on foot. 原译 : 需要 10 分钟才能步行到哪儿。 2(世博北京翻译公司).他于 1960 年生于上海。 原译: He was born in 1960 in Shanghai. 第四章 词汇的翻译 一、教学内容: 英汉两种语言反映在词汇上的差异;与翻译关系比较密切的因素主要包括词义、词形,和词的音律 和节奏等。了解英汉语的词义对比;英汉翻译中词语选择。 二、教学要求: 了解英汉语的词义对比;了解英汉翻译中词语选择。 三、教具准备: 多媒体课件 四、教学过程: 英汉两种语言分属印欧语系和汉藏语系,两者之间存在着很大的差异。这种差异首先反映在词汇上。 4
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