TRANSLATION LEARNING 1 ) And love, young men, love and venerate the ideal. 2(世博北京翻译公司)) O you kind gods, Cure this great breach in his abused nature! 3) Exult, O shores! And ring, O bells! 4) 只要有无边的大地 只要有无涯沧海 骏马啊,任你奔腾 白鸥啊,任你翻飞 5 ) 残雪啊,你是丑恶势力决不甘心退隐的明证;也是它摆脱不掉败亡命运的象征。 10.7 反语 反语就是使用与本意相反的词语来表达本意,一般用于讽刺嘲弄。 一、为保留讽刺效果,直译。 例如: 1) You gave her good advice, and broke her heart. That was the beginning of your reformation. 2(世博北京翻译公司)) You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party. 3) 你感冒了?叫你多穿点你不听,我还以为你真的不怕冷呢! 4) 当她听说自己被解雇了,她生气地说: “ 好极了! ” 二、若直译会引起误解时,采用意译。 1 ) 瞧瞧你干的好事。 2(世博北京翻译公司) ) The French and the English were so ardent about art that they sent their armies to search for invaluable paintings and sculptures all around the world. 10.8 排比 排比就是连续使用三个获三个以上结构相同或相似的句子或词组,起到增强语言的感染力和气势的 效果。 一、直译保留原文排比的感染力和气势,译文采取排比的形式。 1) Voltaire waged the splendid kind of warfare. The war of thought against matter, the war of reason against prejudice, the war of the just against the unjust. 2(世博北京翻译公司)) They know their underground labor is a game of chance; a roll of the dice; a spin of the wheel. 3)在这里,他比不上一盏街灯;比不上橱窗里的一个仿古花瓶;比不上挂在壁上的一副乱涂的油画; 比不上掠身而过的一身紫色的衣裙;比不上眼上的蓝圈,血似的红唇;更比不上牵在女士们手中的 那条小狗。 4) 我不相信天是蓝的;我不相信雷的回声;我不相信梦是假的;我不相信死无报应。 二、为避免单调枯燥,译文适当调整,更具文采。 例如: 1 ) They are rich; they are famous; they are surrounded by the world's most beautiful women. They are the world's top fashion designers and trendsetters. 2(世博北京翻译公司))在台湾,每当我想起我的故乡,我就一定会想起那座无名的小山,一定会想起那株古老的榕树, 也就一定会想起似乎还依然挂在那树梢上的我的风筝。 10.9 设问 设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语气、吸引注意力的效果,并可以起到承上启下的作用,常 用直译。例如: 2(世博北京翻译公司)3
TRANSLATION LEARNING 1)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2(世博北京翻译公司)) And who is it that deceives the state? Surely the man who speaks not what he thinks. 3) 你知道中国最有名的人是谁?提起此人,人人皆晓,处处闻名。 4)有的领导哪点水平高于群众?只是多了后台这两个字。 10.10 反问 反问指有意提出不答自明的问题,以达到加强预期的效果,通常直译。例如: 1)Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? 2(世博北京翻译公司)) Can't you just leave me alone? 3) 你的心过去是苦的,你怎么能闻到红叶的香味? 4)谁愿意和手上有同志鲜血的人握手呢? 10.11 借代 借代指用一事物来指代与之有某种共同特征的另一事物。使用借代时往往会出现带有浓郁民族色彩 的词语,因此在翻译的时候常常需要进行加工。翻译方法是名词前加简单的说明,或用注释说明, 或用意译。例如: 1 ) Upon my word, Basil, I didn't know you were so vain; and I really can't see any resemblance between you, with your rugged strong face and your coal-black hair, and this young Adonis, who looks as if he was made out of ivory and rose-leaves. 2(世博北京翻译公司)) Poor Charlie! Of all the girls in the world, he should have fallen in love with the daughter of a Judas! 3) Her friends wondered how she could get along so well with this modern Don Quixote. 4) 她是我们学校的林妹妹。 5) 你说小王的女朋友?人家就是西施啊! 6) 他一进大门,就听见有人说: “ 秦桧来了 ! ” 第十一章 文化与翻译 教学内容: 文化的含义;中西文化的差异;文化的“不可译”现象;社会文化因素的处理;文化意向的处理; 隐含的文化信息;译者的文化修养。 教学要求 : 了解中西文化的差异以及文化意象的处理 ( 异化译法、归化译法、折中译法、音译法 ) 。 三、教具准备: 多媒体课件 四、教学过程: 为使译文读者得到和原文读者基本相同的文化信息,在翻译中遇到两种文化差异特别大时,用直译 无法使译文传达信息,译者就要仔细在译文文化中寻找对应的表达方式,作出各种必要的转换,进 行意译。这方面的例子举不胜举,仅举几例,以引起读者思考,创造性地进行翻译实践。 11.1 因受不同文化习俗的影响,各民族表达相同概念的说法是各不相同的, 在不同语言的互译中, 要注意转换表达方法以符合译文表达习惯。比如说,汉语的 “ 天生有福 ” ,到了俄国人口里便 成了 “ 穿着衬衣生下来的 ” ; 到英国人那里又成了 “ 生来嘴里就含着一把银勺” (born with a silver spoon in one's mouth); 若要德国人说,确是 “ 梳好了头才出世的 ” 。再如汉语成语 “ 一箭双雕 ” 2(世博北京翻译公司)4
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